Sabtu, 30 Juni 2012

[H688.Ebook] Ebook Free The Faith Equation: One Mathematician's Journey in Christianity, by Marvin L Bittinger

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The Faith Equation: One Mathematician's Journey in Christianity, by Marvin L Bittinger

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The Faith Equation: One Mathematician's Journey in Christianity, by Marvin L Bittinger

Bestselling college textbook author Marvin L. Bittinger provides a new and original defense of the Christian faith using a framework of mathematics. In The Faith Equation, Dr. Bittinger uses mathematical concepts to examine both truth and paradox from the Bible, historical details examining prophecy, the growth in Christian evangelism, the healing power of prayer, the Trinity, and numerical applications of math in the Bible - even how string theory relates to the endtimes. Dr. Bittinger writes for the average Christian, presenting his mathematical defense in the approachable way that only he can - shown by his success in bringing basic college mathematics to over 12 million students.

  • Sales Rank: #157655 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Literary Architects
  • Published on: 2007-07-01
  • Format: Illustrated
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.46" h x .69" w x 5.58" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 290 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
.,."a remarkably creative and innovative work of wonder and whimsy, precision and paradox, meaning and mystery.... an extraordinary effort...a welcome addition to the literature of Christian apologetics."

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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Engaging and fascinating
By M. Brunton
Fascinating and engaging - I always wanted to get back to it after putting it down! I felt like I was sitting at the feet of someone who has gone before me and was listening to some great stories about his life and finding faith! He makes it easy to read about issues dealing with faith, doubt, and paradox in the context of mathematics. Much of it is written more like a story. I can see why he was a successful writer of math books! I learned in reading the book, not just practically about mathematics, but about life, faith, and God. I have often engaged in dialogue and reading about paradox in faith, particularly in Christian faith, and this book deals with it in a way that was easy to read, refreshing, and new - and it included a perspective of mathematics. It was a smooth and easy read, even for someone who last took college algebra over 13 years ago! It's a keeper on my shelf, to refer back to, and to give away!

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Jumat, 29 Juni 2012

[T696.Ebook] Free PDF Shift: 13 Exercises to Make You Who You Want to Be, by Takumi Yamazaki

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Shift: 13 Exercises to Make You Who You Want to Be, by Takumi Yamazaki

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Shift: 13 Exercises to Make You Who You Want to Be, by Takumi Yamazaki

It's not that you're lazy, and its not that you lack motivation. No-you have plenty of motivation, but it always seems to fade away just when you need it. The problem is not that you don't have motivation, it's that that motivation doesn't stick around long enough. So what kind of book is this? It's the kind that takes knowledge and inspiration from motivation specialists and distills it into something easy to understand. Thirteen exercises and seventeen techniques illustrate points to help you take the steps to keep, bring back, or find the motivation you need to make the shift into who you want to be.

  • Sales Rank: #136216 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-09-11
  • Released on: 2013-09-11
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
Takumi Yamazaki is a best-selling author in Japan. He has written ten successful business books that have sold a total of eight hundred thousand copies. A self-made millionaire, Takumi travels around the world giving seminars on motivation. He currently lives in Tokyo, Japan.

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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Transforming self image through Motivation to Happiness/Success
By Grady Harp
Takumi Yamazaki is a best selling author in his home country, Japan. Reading and absorbing SHIFT: 13 EXERCISES TO MAKE YOU WHO YOU WANT TO BE suggests that very soon he will be a best selling author in the United States as well. His style of writing is spare, delicate, warm, and supportive. And unlike many other motivational writers he is grounded in creating solid psychological information about human behavior and turns that information into a mirror that allows the reader to read, observe, reflect and change - with complete ease.

Yamazaki opens with a Prologue that defines self image - how we arrive at the way we perceive the world and our position in it. He then dives in an explores how self image is created, referencing the the conscious, the subconscious, and the unconscious. Then he guides us through the paths of 'shifting' our self image by explaining homeostasis (status quo) and scotoma (blind spots) as the markers that we have the ability to alter in deciding to become who we would like to be. The message is of course more complex than a sentence summary, but the reason Yamazaki succeeds is that he emphasizes how to understand our motivations and how to use those in a restructured way to convince ourselves that change is possible through our own work, our own decisions, our own facilities. 'You can create a new reality for yourself from this very moment. You can reset your life and move it in the direction you want....life is not the continuation of the past, it is the connection to the future. You can choose to change the direction it's going.'

He discusses our needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization and suggests the following equation: 'scale of your desire + the desire itself = willpower.' To achieve this he recommends 'having a meeting with yourself every day' - a time to rewrite dreams and motivations and discover possibilities/probabilities. 'What you think happens. You make your own reality. When you think good thoughts, good things happen. When you write things down on paper they are more likely to happen.' Beyond these bits of simple sage advice the author provides examples of 'shifts' and exercises to perform alone or with friends. His book is like having a warmly friendly silent partner in the path toward achieving who we want to be. A solid book, beautifully written. Grady Harp, February 11

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
`The easiest thing to change is yourself...'
By Jennifer Cameron-Smith
The motivation we each need to effect change can sometimes be difficult to find. In this self-help book, Takumi Yamazaki provides thirteen exercises and seventeen techniques aimed at enabling you to obtain, retain or maintain the motivation you need in order to change (shift) your self-image so that you can become the person you want to be.
So, how does Takumi Yamazaki address the issue of motivation, and what insights does he offer? He begins by discussing perception and the roles of the conscious, subconscious, and unconscious in the way in which we see the world. Takumi Yamazaki discusses the status quo (homeostasis) and blind spots (scotoma) and how to recognise and overcome the limitations that both can impose on your desire (and capacity) to change.

`Live as though you already have what you want. Until it happens, just live as though it already has.'

Having identified barriers to successful change, Takumi Yamazaki provides thirteen exercises (some of which you need two or more people for), and seventeen techniques for increasing your perseverance.

The book is easy to read, and contains some good information and useful techniques for effecting change. Not all suggestions will appeal to for everyone, but I think that the real key is to consider the suggestions made and explore the possibilities that appeal at a personal level.

`All the answers are within you.'

For me, the best part of the book is within the seventeen techniques included to assist with perseverance. Many of these techniques could assist those who are seeking to increase their self-confidence. It isn't possible for an individual to completely follow each of the exercises in the book: some of the exercises require two or more people. This may be a drawback for some readers who prefer to work alone.

Note: I was offered, and accepted, an advanced reader copy of this book for review purposes.

Jennifer Cameron-Smith

6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Worked for me!
By Harvee L.
I read the book in one long sitting, did the 13 exercises, and was motivated to get up, make a phone call, and start a project I had been thinking about, but wavering on.

I like this sentence: Make your dream happen. A book worthwhile having.

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Kamis, 28 Juni 2012

[O521.Ebook] PDF Ebook Instructor's manual to accompany literature: Structure, sound, and sense, by Laurence Perrine

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Instructor's manual to accompany literature: Structure, sound, and sense, by Laurence Perrine

  • Sales Rank: #4148435 in Books
  • Published on: 1983
  • Number of items: 1
  • Binding: Unknown Binding
  • 344 pages

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Rabu, 27 Juni 2012

[K852.Ebook] PDF Download The Maginot Line: The History of the Fortifications that Failed to Protect France from Nazi Germany During World War II, by Charles River

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The Maginot Line: The History of the Fortifications that Failed to Protect France from Nazi Germany During World War II, by Charles River

*Includes pictures
*Explains the origins of the Maginot Line, its construction, and the World War II fighting around it
*Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading
*Includes a table of contents

“We could hardly dream of building a kind of Great Wall of France, which would in any case be far too costly. Instead we have foreseen powerful but flexible means of organizing defense, based on the dual principle of taking full advantage of the terrain and establishing a continuous line of fire everywhere.” – Andre Maginot

As the power of Nazi Germany grew alarmingly during the 1930s, the French sought means to defend their territory against the rising menace of the Thousand-Year Reich. As architects of the most punitive measures in the Treaty of Versailles following World War I, the French government made natural targets for Teutonic retribution, so the Maginot Line, a series of interconnected strongpoints and fortifications running along much of France's eastern border, helped allay French fears of invasion.

The popular legend of the Maginot Line portrays the frontier defenses as a useless “white elephant” project that was prompted by a gross misapprehension of warfare's new realities in the mid-20th century and quickly overwhelmed by the forceful advance of the German blitzkrieg. English idiom today invokes this vision of the Maginot Line as a metaphor for any defensive measure strongly believed in but actually useless.

Indeed, usages such as “Maginot Line mentality,” describing an overly defensive, reactive mindset, perpetuate the legend. As a French author and military liaison with the British, Andre Maurois, wrote about his disillusionment with the defensive line he originally enthusiastically supported: “We know now that the Maginot line-complex was a dangerous disease of the mind; but I publish this as it was written in January, 1940.”

In reality, however, the actual Maginot Line proved considerably more functional than memory has served. The true flaw in French military strategy during the opening days of World War II lay not in reliance on the Maginot fortifications but in the army's neglect to exploit the military opportunities the Line created. In other words, the border defense performed as envisioned, but the other military arms supported it insufficiently to halt the Germans. The French Army squandered the opportunity not because the Maginot Line existed but because they failed to utilize their own defensive plan properly. Some French commentary contributed to the legend, but the bloviating of politicians altered nothing regarding the Maginot Line's actual purpose or history: “General Maurin, defended the status quo in these words: ‘[H]ow could one think that we are still thinking about an offensive when we have spent billions to establish a fortified barrier? Would we be mad enough to advance beyond this barrier to undertake some adventure?’ [...] but the Maginot Line had never been conceived as a sort of Great Wall of China sealing France off from the outside world. Its purpose was to free manpower for offensive operations elsewhere.” (Jackson, 2004, 27).

In fact, a forgotten battle in the southeast of France, where four French divisions (later reduced to three by the redeployment of one northwards in a futile effort to stem the German tide) held off 32 Italian divisions thanks to the defensive power of the so-called “Little Maginot Line of the Alps,” proved the soundness of both the concept and engineering. Though the Italians suffered from poor equipment and the meddling incompetence of Mussolini's personal “leadership,” the fighting on the Alpine front brilliantly highlighted the Maginot Line's success as a “force multiplier.” French soldiers held off brave but futile Italian attacks at odds of 8:1 or 10:1 in favor of the Italians for five days until an armistice with the Axis put an end to this undeniable display of the Maginot Line's effectiveness.

  • Sales Rank: #347438 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2015-06-15
  • Released on: 2015-06-15
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Nice Photos (poorly labeled), but not much else. Should change the subtitle of the book to "A Poor Description"
By Te Bada
T’s Rating System
0 to 5 with 0 the lowest score and 5 the highest and NA for not applicable:
Books (nonfiction)
Content 3
Coverage of topic 1
Adequacy of descriptions 0
Detail 0
Accuracy 1
References 1
Illustrations 3
Size 4
Detail 2
Captions 0
Sufficient Maps 0
Sufficient Drawings 3
Sufficient Photos 4
Product worth the price - Yes, if free.
It is not surprising the Charles River company does not put the name of an author to this work since it seems to be a cut and paste job put together the impress those who know little to nothing about the subject. Reading the samples should be enough the convince anyone there are better books on the topic. Here are some examples of many flaws in the text:
The section "World War I and the Origins of the Maginot Line" implies by only mentioning an Allied offensive in the Argonne region and massive casualties, that this led to the creation of the Maginot Line. The author(s) are two years off and have misconstrued why and what the Maginot Line was based on. They go on to comment that “...as the power of Nazi Germany grew alarmingly during the 1930s, the French sought means to defend their territory against the rising menace of the Thousand-Year Reich.” The construction of the Maginot Line began in late 1929 after many years of planning and arguing on what the military should do against a resurgent Germany many years before the Nazis took power. By the time Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, a large amount of the work on the Maginot Line was already started and nearing completion in many sectors. The only country that would match this description of responding to the rising Nazi threat was Czechoslovakia where work did not begin until the Nazis were in power and began to present a threat.
“The French Army squandered the opportunity not because the Maginot Line existed but because they failed to utilize their own defensive plan properly.” Does this mean they had a defensive plan that would have been successful and they did not use it? Or was the plan they had inadequate to meet the threat? This is just one example how comments are made in a nonsensical manner.
“..a forgotten battle in the southeast of France, where four Frnech Divisions…held off 32 Italian divisions thanks to the defensive power of the so-called “Little Maginot Line of the Alps,” proved the soundness of both the concept and engineering.” Only forgotten by those who know nothing about the campaign of 1940. The author(s) imply the Little Maginot Line of the Alps was basically the same as the Maginot Line Proper that ran from Hagnenau to Longuyon in the Northeast. Although many elements of the designs were similar, there were modifications and terrain played a major role in forming a defensive position which only in one part of the Southeast Front was anywhere near being a continuous line.

The author(s) give a brief description of the 101st Fortress Division defending section of the Maginot Line based on inaccurate information and in one sentence make it appear its supporting artillery was equal to the Germans and then try to leave the impression it was not. They describe the defences of the Maubeuge area but emphasize their weaknesses while leaving the impression they were built according to designs of the Maginot Line Proper, although they were not on a similar scale and lacked the defensive ability of the forts of the Maginot Line. The author describes these as if they were part of the Maginot Line and the how the Germans were able to overwhelm these lesser works because they were poorly armed without making it clear this was not part of the so-called Maginot Line except on propaganda maps.
The bibliography for this book is made of nothing but a small number of secondary sources and only a few of them are significant works in English. None of the important French sources are included and that explains why this project amounts to little more than an undergraduate research project with many pitfalls. If a student produced a similar work, he probably would have been accused of plagiarism based on some of the material that used expressions and descriptions taken from the books in the bibliography without foot noting.
A second look through this "book" also reveals that the photos are poorly labeled so you do not know what you are actually looking at such as photos of entrance blocks he (whoever wrote the book since no one is mentioned) which he simply identifies as the "ouvrage of..." and sometimes a "bunker". The reader has no idea what they are actually looking at. No distinction is made between the the Alpine ouvrages and those of the main line in the northeast so the reader assumes all ouvrages are the same. For that matter, ouvrages are not even described properly since those that wrote this claim the ouvrage was divided into two parts and if one fell the other could continue to resist. Only some gros ouvrages were divided into two sections of combat blocks, most of the gros ouvrages had two section that were separated (the groups of combat blocks and the entrance blocks with the underground service areas - the latter had little to resist with). Even the source of external electrical power is not correct. There is no description of even identification of what the combat blocks were, much less a description of the types, or the entrance blocks. A person who knows nothing about these forts could not even describe what one of these ouvrages actually looked like after reading this booklet. Even worse, they do not provide a single plan of an ouvrage (and all were different, but they had many basic features). THe one map comes with no explanation and only shows the sectors (if you can actually read them).
There are other examples, but the buyer should beware that this is a poorly done secondary source. Other books are available that are much better, including Kindle editions. For a few dollars more there is an Osprey book titled the Maginot Line by William Alcorn which provides better information and detail.
http://www.amazon.com/Maginot-Line-1928-45-William-Allcorn/dp/1841766461/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1443971707&sr=8-2&keywords=maginot+LIne

You get what you pay for and with this cheap little booklet you are getting cheated. For those that think they learned something from the book, can you answer this questions:
1. What were the two types of entrance blocks almost all gros ouvrages (except in the Alps) had?
2. What was the difference between an artillery block and an infantry block? What were the two types (actually 3) of artillery block and how many of each type weapon did they have (except in the Alps)?
3. How were the gros ouvrages of the Alps different from those of the Northeast?
4. What were the main components found in service and support areas of a gros ouvrage?
5. How was the Maginot Line organized into two major sections in the main line and why were these sections divide by the Sarre Gap? What was the original intention of the Sarre Gap?
6. How were several old forts incorporated into the Maginot LIne?
7. What was the difference between the gros ouvrages of the Maginot Extension, those of Maubeuge, and the ouvrages of the main line?
8. What role did Petain play in the creation of the Maginot Line and what defensive problem was he responsible for?
9. Who did the Rhine defenses (those on the Upper Rhine) differ from the remainder of the Maginot LIne.
10. What was the failure in French strategy that cause defeat (and it was not the Maginot Line) in 1940?
11. What disadvantages did the Germans have when they tried to use some parts of the Maginot LIne in 1944?
12. What happened to the Maginot Line ouvrages after World War II?
If you can not find the correct answers to these questions in the booklet (which you can read for free on Kindle), you may realize why this works amounts to a poor cut and paste job using the references in its bibliography (only 4 of which are relative to the Maginot Line for a history and desription).

2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Great book for students
By Samantha Withee
This book is easy to follow great for students
Loved how the author used pictures, and kept each chapter on topic. Book isn't too text book style so it rather interesting.
I would recommend the author, makes the chapters shorter. So the reader can take more in.

1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Description of numerous strategic errors and successes of the various armies that attempted to use the Maginot Line
By Modupe Hendricks
This book is like many of the other books by Charles River’s Editors, it is concise and brief. What I found to be most interesting was a discussion about the Alpine Line or Little Maginot Line along the Franco-Italian border. Little Maginot Line demonstrated that the defense concept of Maginot Line should have been effect if the line had been built to the Atlantic Ocean on French land. The book also discusses numerous strategic errors and successes of the various armies that attempted to use the Maginot Line for either defense or offense. I really like this book.

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Selasa, 26 Juni 2012

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Orrin Porter Rockwell: Man of God, son of thunder 2nd edition

  • Published on: 1709
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Minggu, 24 Juni 2012

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Springer Handbook of RoboticsFrom Springer

With the science of robotics undergoing a major transformation just now, Springer’s new, authoritative handbook on the subject couldn’t have come at a better time. Having broken free from its origins in industry, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenging terrain of unstructured environments. Unlike other handbooks that focus on industrial applications, the Springer Handbook of Robotics incorporates these new developments. Just like all Springer Handbooks, it is utterly comprehensive, edited by internationally renowned experts, and replete with contributions from leading researchers from around the world. The handbook is an ideal resource for robotics experts but also for people new to this expanding field.

  • Sales Rank: #17513584 in Books
  • Published on: 2008-05-19
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .0" h x .0" w x .0" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 1611 pages

Review

From the reviews:

"A comprehensive collection of the international accomplishments in the field and presents the very latest research in robotics. … Designed for research and practice, the handbook is edited by the internationally renowned robotics experts … . The coverage of all specialist fields infringing into robotics makes this handbook a reliable desk reference for scientists and engineers in the industry. It also provides basic and more advanced content for scholars from related disciplines such as biomechanics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks, among others." (Renate Bayaz, EurekAlert!, May, 2008)

"Together with Oussama Khatib, who is a Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, Siciliano has edited and launched a ‘Handbook of Robotics’ that aims to make the increasingly complex field of robotics more accessible to engineers, doctors, computer scientists and designers. … The handbook was conceived to provide a valuable resource not only for robotics experts, but also for newcomers to this expanding field [such as] engineers, medical doctors, computer scientists, and designers." (Liz Tay, iTnews, June, 2008)

"The ‘Springer Handbook of Robotics’ … basically differs from other handbooks of robotics focusing on industrial applications. It presents a widespread and well-structured coverage from the foundations of robotics, through the consolidated methodologies and technologies, up to the new emerging application areas of robotics. The handbook is an ideal resource for robotics experts but also for people new to this expanding field such as engineers, medical doctors, computer scientists, designers; edited by two internationally renowned experts." (Amazon, Juni, 2008)

"Siciliano and Khatib have assembled a massive and comprehensive tome on robotics, circa 2008. Sections of the book can be read by a diverse audience of undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and even the general public. Spanning any field associated with the subject." (W Boudville, Amazon, Juni, 2008)

"The handbook is a very large and truly encyclopedic work, covering all aspects of robotics, from fundamental principles to applications. The book’s 1,600 pages are subdivided into seven parts … . Each of the seven parts is subdivided into multiple chapters, all written by experts in their fields throughout the world. … This amazing book does an incredible job of balancing theory and practice throughout. It should be an immensely valuable reference for students and practitioners of robotics for many years to come." (George A. Bekey, IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, September, 2008)

"The book’s seven parts and 64 chapters concisely review wholesomely ‘traditional’ applications of robotics, as well as address emerging questions of the science and technology of robots. … The volume is rich in indexes and lists. The accompanying DVD- ROM assists readers in perusing the topics. This is a must-have work for anyone with even a remote interest and interaction with this field. … Summing Up: Essential. Graduate students, researchers, faculty, professionals, and informed general readers." (G. Trajkovski, Choice, Vol. 46 (6), February, 2009)

From the Back Cover

Reaching for the human frontier, robotics is vigorously engaged in the growing challenges of new emerging domains. Interacting, exploring, and working with humans, the new generation of robots will increasingly touch people and their lives. The credible prospect of practical robots among humans is the result of the scientific endeavour of a half a century of robotic developments that established robotics as a modern scientific discipline. The Springer Handbook of Robotics brings a widespread
and well-structured compilation of classic and emerging application areas of robotics. From the foundations to the social and ethical implications of robotics, the handbook provides a comprehensive collection of the accomplishments in the field, and constitutes a premise of further advances towards new challenges in robotics.
This handbook, edited by two internationally renowned scientists with the support of an outstanding team of seven part editors and onehundred sixty-four authors, is an authoritative reference for robotics researchers, newcomers to the field, and scholars from related disciplines such as biomechanics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others.

Key Topics

  • Robotics foundations
  • Robot structures
  • Sensing and perception
  • Manipulation and interfaces
  • Mobile and distributed robotics
  • Field and service robotics
  • Human-centered and life-like robotics

Features

  • Comprehensive coverage of research and development in robotics
  • Scientific resource for both experts and non experts in the field
  • Technical contents laid out in a tutorial setting
  • A�coherent three-layer organization: robotics foundations, consolidated
    methodologies and technologies, advanced applications
  • Anchored in seven parts expanded into sixty-four chapters with interconnected
    presentation of subject matter
  • Developed in about 1650 pages with over 950 color illustrations including
    422 four-color, 80 tables and over 5500 references
  • Detailed index and fully searchable DVD-ROM providing rapid access to
    data and links to other source����

About the Author

Bruno Siciliano is Professor of Control and Robotics at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy, President of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, and a Fellow of both IEEE and ASME.

Oussama Khatib is Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University in the USA, President of the International Foundation of Robotics Research, an IEEE Fellow, and a recipient of the Japan Robot Association Award in Research and Development.

Most helpful customer reviews

23 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
massive and comprehensive
By W Boudville
Siciliano and Khatib have assembled a massive and comprehensive tome on robotics, circa 2008. Sections of the book can be read by a diverse audience of undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and even the general public. Spanning any field associated with the subject.

There is considerable maths in the modelling of robots. Often to understand and control an arm. The multiple degrees of freedom of joints are wonderful for dexterity. But these often give an excursion into advanced linear algebra and control systems theory. Several chapters go into the necessary maths. You probably need at least 2 years of undergraduate engineering maths as preparation.

The myriad applications in which robots have been deployed is amply surveyed in Part F, Field and Service Robotics. In the household, there is of course the floor cleaning Roomba. A cute little gizmo, but it is not a toy; a genuine robot in its own right. The chapter mentioning it also describes an entire genre of competitors; mostly lesser known to the public.

Another chapter on agriculture and forestry talks about using robots for tasks like harvesting. Usually more successful when the terrain is flat and well defined; ie. having only one crop present. While the general case of a robot in hilly, wooded terrain with multiple obstacles and different species of trees is much harder to program.

I also ran into something in this chapter from my past, and it impressed me as to the book's comprehensiveness. At the University of Western Australia, there was a long running program to devise a robot sheep shearer. It started in the 70s and I met several of its researchers. I lost track of it after 1983, but I'd wondered whatever became of it. The book takes up the thread, explaining that the program took on the name Shear Magic, and was ultimately discontinued because it was never fast enough. But even in failure, this robotic application had a side effect. The demonstration of the technology was used by farmers to browbeat human shearers into moderating their wage claims, by playing off longstanding fears of workers about being replaced by machines. Of course, whether or not this was desirable may be a function of your political leanings.

To me, the most interesting section of the entire book concerned mirror neurons. This was a fundamental recent discovery in biology. The relevance to robotics is still perhaps speculative. Several robotics researchers have attempted to use it as inspiration for teaching a robot via its visual input and processing system. This contrasts greatly with the traditional teaching use of rule based formal logic, often involving the predicate calculus. The results described in the text are early but promising.

One slight curiosity is the relative deprecating of military applications. These are numerous and scattered throughout various chapters. Covering uses like landmine detectors, or the aerial Predator and its relatives that have seen much recent use in Iraq and Afghanistan for surveillance and attack. But at the top level of the Contents, there is no section on the military. And if you go to the Index, "military" is absent, while, for example, "mind reading" gets 2 entries. The downplaying of the military is especially puzzling given the historically prominent role of the US military in funding advanced robotics research.

0 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A must have
By Eleanor Takahashi iNSKIP
Anyone interested in Robotics should have this one one on their shelf. This is the future. The handbook to have,
Eleanor Takahashi-Inskip
innskeeper@gmail.com

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Jumat, 22 Juni 2012

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As always Jo Boaler presents research findings through practical ideas that can be used in�classrooms and homes. The new What’s Math Got to Do with It? prepares teachers and parents for�the Common Core, shares Boaler’s work on ways to teach mathematics for a “growth mindset,” and�includes a range of advice to inspire teachers and parents to give their students the best mathematical�experience possible.

  • Sales Rank: #51865 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2015-04-28
  • Released on: 2015-04-28
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Review
"For any parent who's ever heard a child declare, 'I hate math.'"
-Jim Trelease, author of The Read-Aloud Handbook

" Parents and educators alike will count this book an inspiring resource."
-Publishers Weekly

" Highly accessible and enjoyable for readers who love and loathe math."
-Booklist

About the Author
DR. JO BOALER is a professor of mathematics education at Stanford University. The author of seven�books and numerous research articles, she serves as an advisor to several Silicon Valley companies and�is a White House presenter on girls and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math). She recently�formed youcubed.org to give teachers and parents the resources and ideas they need to inspire and�excite students about mathematics.

Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

“Without doubt, this is the most important book parents should read before choosing a school for their child, and teachers should read when considering ways to improve their math teaching. A compelling, readable account of years of research into what works, and what doesn’t, in mathematics education.”

—Keith Devlin, PhD, Stanford University mathematician, award-winning author of The Math Gene and thirty-one other books, and the Math Guy on NPR

“Jo Boaler vividly shows us—rather than just telling us—what terrific math instruction looks like and, equally important, how sharply it differs from how the subject is usually taught. What’s Math Got to Do with It? is the first book I recommend to teachers and parents who want to understand the harms of conventional ways of teaching math as well as the benefits of realistic alternatives.”

—Alfie Kohn, author of The Schools Our Children > Deserve and Feel-Bad Education

“There is so much wisdom packed into this engaging little book. Boaler sensibly addresses current hot topics—the Common Core, mind-set, ability grouping, gender differences—but goes way behind them to consider the nature of mathematics itself and offers a wealth of practical advice to parents, teachers, and policy makers. More than ever, we need books on education like his one.”

—Mike Rose, author of Possible Lives: The Promise of Education in America

“What’s Math Got to Do with It? comes the closest of anything that I have read to a manifesto that I would provide to parents to help them better understand the importance of good teaching of interesting and complex mathematics.”

—Journal for Research in Mathematics Education

“Jo Boaler shows that math is understandable, and that it can be fun to get your head around it—but that it’s often taught in ways that make it dry and deadly. She points to the beauty and joy of mathematics, and ways that math classrooms can become centers of lively mathematical thinking. American children deserve a richer mathematical diet than we’ve given them, and Boaler shows how and why.”

—Alan H. Schoenfeld, Elizabeth and Edward Conner Professor of Education, University of California, Berkeley

“This extraordinary book shows teachers and parents the path to teaching children to enjoy math while they develop deep and flexible understanding. The author practices what she preaches; using systematic research she and others have conducted on two continents, she makes learning about math teaching accessible and fun.”

—Deborah Stipek, I. James Quillen Dean and Professor of Education, Stanford University

“Jo Boaler makes a powerful case for a problem-solving approach to teaching mathematics, and she presents the research to back it up. This book should be read by anyone concerned about the education of our children.”

—Deborah Schifter, principal research scientist, Education Development Center, Inc.

“Jo Boaler explains with insight and clarity why so many students dislike mathematics and what the rest of us can do about it. Her solutions are comprehensive, grounded in research, and powerfully applied by parents, teachers, and anyone else with an interest in mathematics.”

—Dan Meyer, Apple Distinguished Educator and one of Tech & Learning’s 30 Leaders of the Future

WHAT’S MATH GOT TO DO WITH IT?

Jo Boaler is a professor of mathematics education at Stanford University and the cofounder of YouCubed. She is also the editor of the Research Commentary section of The Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME) and author of the first Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on mathematics teaching and learning. Former roles have included being the Marie Curie Professor of Mathematics Education in England. She is the recipient of several awards, an adviser to Silicon Valley companies, and a White House presenter on girls and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. She is a regular contributor to national television and radio in the United States and the UK. Her research has appeared in newspapers around the world including the Wall Street Journal, the Times (London), and the Telegraph (UK).

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First published in the United States of America by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 2008

Published in Penguin Books 2009

This revised edition published 2015

Copyright � 2008, 2015 by Jo Boaler

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Acknowledgments

This book has been a journey of opportunities. Over recent years I have been able to learn from some of America’s most inspirational teachers and their students, and to work alongside visionary friends and colleagues who have broadened and enriched my thinking. I am deeply grateful to many people in California, particularly at Stanford University and in Bay Area schools, who made this book possible.

This book was conceived at a very special place: the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in California, a place devoted to the generation of ideas. I had given a presentation to the other fellows at the center, a group of scholars who worked in different areas of social science research, on the results of my studies of mathematics learning. The group responded strongly, with expressions of shock and dismay, and they urged me to get my results out to the general public. They convinced me to write a book proposal for a broader audience and many people—in particular Susan Shirk, Sam Popkin, and David Clark—supported me along the way.

From that point I was greatly encouraged by my agent Jill Marsal and Kathryn Court, of Penguin Books, both of whom believed in the book, which meant a lot to me. I wrote the book in the stimulating environment of Stanford’s Graduate School of Education, surrounded by a group of graduate students who served as critics and supporters. I would personally like to thank all of my doctoral students, past and present, who contributed to the mathematics education group at Stanford.

I have learned a great deal from some truly inspirational teachers in recent years—among them Cathy Humphreys, Carlos Cabana, Sandie Gilliam, Estelle Woodbury, and Ruth Parker. They change students’ lives on a daily basis and I am privileged to have been able to work with them and learn from them. Cathy is a good friend who has helped me in many ways. I am also deeply grateful to the students of Railside, Greendale, Hilltop, Amber Hill, and Phoenix Park schools; they all gave me their honest and insightful feedback on their mathematics learning experiences and they are the reason that I wrote this book.

I am fortunate to have had some great teachers of my own in my life—including Professors Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam, both of whom encouraged me in important ways at an early point in my academic career and kindly read chapters of this book for me. Professor Leone Burton, one of my strongest supporters, will be greatly missed by many people. Most of all I would like to thank my two daughters, Jaime and Ariane, for putting up with me when I lock myself away to write!

Preface to the New Edition

Introduction

In 2008, when What’s Math Got to Do with It? was first published, the United States was in the grip of endless multiple-choice testing and widespread math failure, brain research was in its infancy, and a group of traditional mathematicians was working tirelessly to stop school reforms. Fast-forward to 2015 and the landscape has changed with the emergence of incredible new research on the brain and learning, which is being acknowledged and acted upon. The White House has convened numerous meetings over the past few years where researchers, myself included, have talked about mathematics, mind-set, and equity. The traditional mathematicians have lost their voice, and many more people are receptive to the idea of a future in which all children can learn mathematics to high levels. These changes pave the way for the creation of mathematics classrooms in which students are excited to learn and teachers are armed with the most important knowledge that inspires students to achieve excellence in math.

I love books. I enjoy reading and writing them, but the Internet has helped me to achieve something that is very important to my long-term professional mission. In the summer of 2013, I tried an experiment. A few months earlier I had been introduced to Sebastian Thrun, an amazing man who invented self-driving cars, led Google teams developing Google Maps and Google Glass, and is the CEO of Udacity. The world of free online courses, or MOOCs (massive open online courses), is generally attributed to Sebastian and his colleague Peter Norvig, who is the director of research at Google. Sebastian and Peter decided to put one of Sebastian’s Stanford computer science courses online. One hundred sixty thousand people registered for the course, and the MOOC world began. Sebastian went on to create Udacity, an online-course provider, and some months later asked me to help with course design. The time I spent at Udacity was enough to give me the knowledge I needed to design my own course. Putting knowledge about the brain and math learning into the hands of our nation’s teachers and parents would change everything and lent itself perfectly to online courses that could share information widely. I designed my courses to make them engaging and interactive, but the levels of interest in the classes surpassed my greatest hopes. To date more than 130,000 people—teachers, parents, and students—have taken my online courses entitled “How to Learn Math,” and they are now armed with the critical information that I will share in this book.

I took Udacity’s idea that online courses should not be talking heads and adopted their principle that professors should not talk for more than two minutes before engaging the learners in a task. I didn’t have much time, with a full-time job teaching at Stanford, researching, and looking after a large team of doctoral students, but I spent every spare moment on weekends and in the evenings creating my experimental course. The course appeared on Stanford’s online platform in the summer of 2013 but was not advertised in any way. The course opened with approximately five thousand registrants, but word of mouth spread quickly, and by the time the course finished at the end of the summer more than forty thousand teachers and parents had enrolled. Many MOOCs have high enrollment, but generally only a small proportion of the people who register end up taking the courses. This was not the case with my course, and an impressive 63 percent of people completed most of the course. Even more rewardingly, at the end of the course 95 percent of teachers and parents said that they would change their teaching/parenting as a result of the ideas they had learned in the class. In the months after my class, news of the ideas spread, hundreds of videos were posted to YouTube, my in-box was flooded, and requests for speaking engagements increased. So many teachers and parents asked for continued access to the new ideas that Cathy Williams and I launched YouCubed. YouCubed initially was a nonprofit company but now is a center at Stanford. In the summer of 2014, I published a new online course getting the same powerful ideas straight to students, and within a few months of the course opening eighty-five thousand students had taken the class or been shown the videos by their teachers.

I do not think that online courses are the most powerful medium for learning—I would always rather interact with groups of learners face-to-face and have them discuss ideas with each other—but online courses allow wide-scale access to important knowledge that urgently needs to be shared and that cannot depend on parents finding their way to high-quality teaching in their local area. I have been frustrated over the years by universities encouraging professors to publish research on learning only in academic journals, which are read by other academics and do not get to the people who need them—teachers and parents. Important knowledge on ways to learn effectively is usually locked away in journals and libraries unless researchers choose to publish their findings in different, more accessible ways and universities do not penalize them for doing so. This is what motivated me to publish the first edition of What’s Math Got to Do with It? and to update this edition with the latest research and practical information on ways to help all learners of mathematics.

When I wrote the original edition of What’s Math Got to Do with It? the field of mathematics education had a large body of research on ways to teach and learn mathematics well. We knew how to empower math learners, but the research was not getting to teachers or being used in classrooms. If you walk into most math classrooms in the United States, particularly at the high school level, you would think you had been transported into the Victorian age. For the most part teachers are still at the front of the room lecturing on methods, students are still at desks learning to calculate by hand, and the mathematics being taught is three-hundred-year-old mathematics that is not needed in the modern world.1 In elementary classrooms across the United States, students are turned away from mathematics on a daily basis by timed tests and speed competitions, which we know can cause the early onset of math anxiety for many students.2, 3, 4 We have the research knowledge to change this and for classrooms to become places where all students are inspired by mathematics. In the last decade, important new research on the brain and learning has emerged, which is critical for math teachers, math learners, and parents everywhere.

Mind-set and Mathematics

In 2006, a trade book appeared on bookshelves that ultimately would have one of the biggest impacts of any research volume ever published in education. In Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Stanford Professor Carol Dweck summarized key findings from her research on the nature and impact of mind-sets. The book quickly became a New York Times bestseller and was translated into more than twenty languages. Dweck’s decades of research with people of various ages showed that students with a “growth mind-set”—who believe that intelligence and “smartness” can be learned—go on to higher levels of achievement, engagement, and persistence. The implications of this mind-set are profound, especially for students of mathematics.

When I returned to Stanford in 2010, one of the first things I did was arrange to meet Carol Dweck. She agreed with me that mathematics is the subject most in need of a mind-set makeover and that mathematics teachers are the group who could benefit the most with knowledge of mind-set. Since that meeting we have been working together, writing, researching, and collaborating with teachers.

Mathematics, more than any other subject, has the power to crush students’ confidence. The reasons are related both to the teaching methods that prevail in US math classrooms and the fixed ideas about mathematics held by the majority of the US population and passed on to our children from birth. One of the most damaging mathematics myths propagated in classrooms and homes is that math is a gift—that some people are naturally good at math and some are not.5, 6 This idea is strangely cherished in the Western world but virtually absent in Eastern countries such as China and Japan that top the world in mathematics achievement.7

New scientific evidence showing the incredible capacity of the brain to change, rewire, and grow in a really short time8 tells us that all students can learn mathematics to high levels with good teaching experiences. Traditional educators believe that some students do not have the brains to be able to work on complex mathematics, but it is working on complex mathematics that enables brain connections to develop. Students can grasp high-level ideas, but they will not develop the brain connections that allow them to do so if they are given low-level work and negative messages about their own potential.9

As I work with schools and districts encouraging mathematics teaching that promotes growth rather than fixed mind-sets (see www.youcubed.org), a critical requirement is that teachers offer mathematics as a learning subject, not a performance subject. Most students when asked what they think their role is in math classrooms say it is to answer questions correctly. They don’t think they are in math classrooms to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, to explore the rich set of connections that make up the subject, or even to learn about the applicability of the subject. They think they are in math classrooms to perform. This was brought home to me recently when a colleague, Rachel Lambert, told me her six-year-old son had come home saying he didn’t like math. When she asked him why, he said, “Math is too much answer time and not enough learning time.” Students from kindergarten upward realize that math is different from other subjects: learning gives way to answering questions and taking tests—performing.

For students to see mathematics as a subject of learning, they need tasks and questions in math class that allow for learning. Chapter 3 will show some of these tasks and how they are used in classrooms. Teachers need to stop giving the wrong messages to students, whether through grouping, grading, or short, narrow math problems, which themselves imply that math is a question of the right or wrong answer rather than a learning subject. In chapters 4 and 5, I will describe the highly productive ways that teachers can grade, assess, and group students. The students who suffer most from fixed-mind-set thinking are high-performing girls, and chapter 6 will explain more about this phenomenon and ways we can give girls a positive and equitable future. Chapter 7 is focused on the important role parents can play and provides suggestions for activities and advice that can be used in the home.

One of the most interesting findings from research on the brain to emerge over recent years is something that I try to communicate as widely as I can. We now know that when students make a mistake in math, their brain grows, synapses fire, and connections are made.10 This finding tells us that we want students to make mistakes in math class and that students should not view mistakes as learning failures but as learning achievements.11 But students everywhere feel terrible when they make a mistake. They think it means they are not a “math person.” We need to change this thinking by telling students that mistakes are productive. When I talk to teachers about this research they often say, “But surely students have to work through their error and see why it is a mistake for brains to grow.” This is a reasonable assumption, but students do not even need to know they have made a mistake for brains to grow. What research tells us is that when a mistake is made there are two potential brain sparks: the first one comes when we make a mistake but are not aware of the mistake; the second comes when we realize we have made a mistake. How can this be? How can our brains grow when we do not even know we have made a mistake? The best knowledge we have on this question tells us that our brains grow when we make mistakes because those are times of struggle, and our brains grow the most when we are challenged and engaging with difficult, conceptual questions.

Carol Dweck and I sometimes present together in workshops for teachers and parents. One of the pieces of advice Carol gives to parents in our workshops is that when children come home from school and say that they got all of their work correct that day, parents should say, “Oh, I am sorry, then you didn’t get the opportunity to learn today.” She is making a good point, and we need to shift teachers’ and students’ thinking about what they should aim for in mathematics lessons. Teachers care deeply about their students, and it is typical to arrange math lessons so that students are getting most of their work correct. This makes students feel good, but it is not the most productive learning environment for them. We need to change math lessons to make them challenging for all students, and we need to change students’ mind-sets so that they know it is productive to struggle and make mistakes and that they should feel comfortable doing so.

While I was sitting in an elementary classroom in Shanghai recently, the principal leaned over to tell me that the teacher was calling on students who had made mistakes to share with the whole class so that they could all learn. The students seemed pleased to be given the opportunity to share their incorrect thinking. Instead of mathematics classroom lessons filled with short questions that students are intended to get right or wrong, they need to be filled with open-ended tasks that include space for learning as well as space for struggle and growth. YouCubed provides examples of the most productive tasks students should work on at home and in school.

Mathematics and the Common Core

The new Common Core mathematics standards (www.core standards.org) have prompted considerable controversy across the United States. Most of the opponents of the Common Core are politically motivated. Some oppose the Common Core because of the tests that are being written to assess the new standards, but opposing the Common Core because of the standardized tests is somewhat misguided since the tests are not part of the Common Core and really are a separate policy decision, which should be considered outside of the curriculum. Others oppose the Common Core curriculum because their children are successful in the traditional model of math teaching, and they want to keep that advantage. The most curious opposition comes from parents who say that the math in the Common Core is too hard for their children. So what do we know about the Common Core, from research? And is its introduction in the United States a good or a bad thing?

The Common Core math curriculum is not the curriculum I would have designed if I had had the chance. It still has far too much content that is not relevant for the modern world and that turns students off mathematics, particularly in the high school years, but it is a step in the right direction—for a number of reasons. The most important improvement is the inclusion of a set of standards called the “mathematical practices.” The practice standards do not set out knowledge to be learned, as the other standards do, but ways of being mathematical. They describe aspects of mathematics such as problem solving, sense making, persevering, and reasoning. It is critically important that students work in these ways; these actions have been part of curricula in other countries for many years. Now that these methods of thinking are part of the US curriculum, students should be spending time in classrooms using mathematics in these ways.

The inclusion of these practices means that the tasks students work on will change. Students will be given more challenging tasks and spoon-fed less. Instead of being told a method and then practicing it, they will need to learn to choose, adapt, and use methods. Students need to learn to problem solve and persist when tasks are longer or more challenging. This is really important work for teachers and students. My main problem with the Common Core standards is that they require teachers to engage students in thinking about what makes sense and problem solving; but such activities, which involve going deeper into the mathematics, take more time. In the elementary and middle grades, the content has been reduced so that teachers and students can take the time to work in these productive ways, but the high school standards are as packed as ever with obsolete content that works against teachers being able to go into depth and give students the experiences they need. For more information on the potential impact of the Common Core go to http://youcubed.org/parents/2014/why-we-need-common-core-math.

Many people think that countries such as China, who top the world in mathematics achievement, do so by drilling students in content, but this is far from the truth. In Shanghai, the highest scoring region of China, I watched numerous high school lessons, and in no lesson did the teachers work on more than three questions in an hour. What was staggering was the depth to which teachers and students delved into each question, exploring every aspect of the mathematics. In all of the lessons, the students talked more than the teacher as they discussed what they were learning. We recorded one of the lessons, and it can be seen on YouCubed. This is a model of mathematics teaching that we need in the United States.

Currently, more than half of all US students fail mathematics, and mathematics is a harshly inequitable subject.12, 13 When our classrooms change—when students are encouraged to believe that they can be successful in mathematics and are taught using the high-quality teaching methods we know work—the landscape of mathematics teaching and learning in the United States will change forever. This book gives readers—whether teachers, administrators, or parents—the knowledge needed to make the important changes required for our students in the United States and for the future of our society. I hope you enjoy it, whether you are a new reader or one of the many who read the original What’s Math Got to Do with It?, and are looking to be reenergized by the new ideas shared within this updated edition.

Zurijeta

Introduction

Understanding the Urgency

Most helpful customer reviews

11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Wish all principals/school officials had to read this!
By Amazon Customer
I am a math teacher who has abandoned the school system and tutors now. Jo Boaler has all the right ideas on how to excite students and turn them into thinkers instead of test performers who really don't learn anything. Students should love math, problem solving and exploration. Sadly, the school system in the US is not going to change anytime soon, so we parents, grandparents and tutors will have to carry the load for those we can help. This book is great in helping people understand why we want to change the way math is taught and how to start doing that. Also visit Jo's website for more ideas

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
A must read for parents, teachers and school administrators!
By Chaoskeeper
This book is outstanding! The first edition helped our district change our mathematics program. Teachers couldn't stop talking about the valuable information and ideas. Now the latest edition has so much more new information from research. This is definitely a book that can make a difference. Definitely enjoyable and easy to read, I couldn't put it down!

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A very important story, well told, for all teachers and parents.
By Ross Turner
This book tells a very important story, in an extremely accessible way, supported by a huge volume of research. A must read for all teachers and parents at least. Have you ever felt you are no good at maths? Or worse, that you want to run a mile whenever you see something maths-like? Professor Boaler explains some of the ways this is caused, and she demonstrates how it can be avoided for those not yet afflicted and how it might be remedied in those who have such fears. In the running for my most important book of the year.

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